Podocarpus chinensis, also known as the Chinese Podocarpus or Buddhist Pine, is a coniferous evergreen shrub or small tree from the Podocarpaceae family. Native to China, Taiwan, and parts of Southeast Asia, it has long been associated with peace and longevity in Buddhist and traditional Asian culture.
As a bonsai subject, Podocarpus chinensis is admired for its refined, elegant foliage and natural suitability for shaping. The leaves are narrow, leathery, and lance-shaped, arranged in neat clusters that create a graceful, airy canopy. Over time, the trunk develops attractive bark with characterful textures, and with regular training, the bonsai takes on the appearance of a miniature ancient tree.
It is particularly well-suited for upright bonsai styles such as formal upright (Chokkan) or informal upright (Moyogi), as well as group plantings and literati styles. Its evergreen nature ensures year-round beauty, and its association with harmony makes it a meaningful bonsai to grow.
Podocarpus chinensis Bonsai Care Guide
Light
Thrives in bright, direct to filtered outdoor sunlight. It should be grown as an outdoor bonsai, but can be brought indoors temporarily for display. Avoid keeping it permanently indoors, as light levels will be too low.
Watering
Keep soil evenly moist. Water thoroughly when the top layer of soil feels dry. While it tolerates short dry spells, it prefers consistent moisture. Ensure good drainage to avoid root rot.
Temperature and Hardiness
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Temperature: Hardy in mild UK climates, tolerating down to around 5C. In colder regions, provide winter protection in a cold frame or unheated greenhouse.
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Seasonality: Evergreen, retaining foliage year-round.
Soil and Potting
Use a free-draining bonsai soil mix with akadama, pumice, and lava rock. Repot every 23 years in spring, pruning roots lightly.
Feeding
Feed every 24 weeks during spring and summer with a balanced bonsai fertiliser. Switch to a low-nitrogen feed in late summer to strengthen growth for winter.
Pruning and Training
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Pruning: Trim back new shoots regularly to maintain shape and encourage ramification. Avoid heavy pruning in autumn or winter.
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Wiring: Branches are flexible when young and respond well to wiring; check frequently to avoid wire marks.
Growth and Maturity
A moderate grower that develops dense, compact foliage pads with consistent pruning. With age, bark texture and trunk thickness add character, creating a true miniature tree aesthetic.
Common Issues
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Yellowing leaves: Can be caused by overwatering or poor drainage.
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Sparse foliage: Insufficient light or poor feeding.
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Pests: Occasionally affected by scale insects or aphids.
Background and Benefits
In Asian culture, the Podocarpus is regarded as a sacred tree, often planted near temples for its symbolic connection to peace, wisdom, and longevity. As a bonsai, Podocarpus chinensis combines this cultural heritage with elegant evergreen beauty, making it a popular choice for both beginners and experienced enthusiasts.
Quick Care Summary
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Light: Full to partial outdoor sun; not suited for permanent indoor growing
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Water: Keep evenly moist; well-drained soil essential
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Temperature: Hardy to around 5C; provide protection in harsh winters
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Soil: Free-draining bonsai mix (akadama/pumice/lava rock)
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Feed: Fortnightly in growing season; low-nitrogen feed in late summer
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Growth: Upright evergreen bonsai with fine foliage and elegant trunk
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