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This fern is characterised by a thick, fibrous trunk formed from the remains of old fronds and aerial roots. The trunk can grow several metres tall in its natural habitat, but in gardens it often reaches 24 metres over many years, making it an impressive focal point. From the crown, a rosette of large, arching fronds emerges, each finely divided into feather-like leaflets that create a lush, tropical canopy. Mature fronds can reach 23 metres in length, giving the plant a dramatic, umbrella-like form.
Its prehistoric appearance makes it a striking specimen in shaded gardens, courtyards, or woodland plantings. Despite its exotic origins, Dicksonia antarctica is surprisingly hardy and can withstand brief frosts, provided the crown is protected. It is one of the most popular tree ferns grown in the UK, admired for both its resilience and grandeur.
Thrives in dappled or partial shade. While it can tolerate some morning or late afternoon sun, prolonged exposure to harsh midday sun can scorch the fronds. Ideal planting sites mimic its native forest environment sheltered and shaded beneath taller trees.
Moisture is key to success. Water both the soil and the trunk regularly, as the fibrous stem absorbs moisture to support the crown. In warm weather, daily watering may be needed, particularly if the plant is newly established. Never allow the soil around the base to dry out completely.
Temperature: Hardy down to around 5C if well protected. In colder regions, it requires winter protection.
Winter care: In late autumn, pack the crown with dry straw or fleece to insulate it. Wrapping the upper trunk with horticultural fleece also helps to protect from prolonged frost.
Prefers rich, humus-filled soil that retains moisture but drains freely. Incorporate organic matter such as leaf mould or compost when planting. Choose a sheltered position protected from strong winds, which can damage fronds.
Apply a liquid feed high in potassium every 24 weeks during the growing season (late spring to summer), pouring it directly into the crown as well as onto the soil. This encourages strong frond production and healthy growth.
Remove old fronds at the base as they die back. This keeps the crown tidy and directs the plants energy into producing new growth. Dead fronds can also be left hanging down the trunk for additional insulation if desired.
Tree ferns are slow-growing. Dicksonia antarctica typically adds around 25 cm of trunk height per year under optimal conditions, making it a long-term investment in the garden. Over decades, it can become a towering, dramatic specimen.
Frond scorch: Caused by excessive direct sunlight or drought.
Crown damage: Often occurs in severe winters if not protected.
Pests: Generally pest-free, though occasional slugs or snails may nibble young fronds.
Dicksonia antarctica is one of the oldest surviving plant species, with ancestors dating back over 200 million years. In its native habitat, it provides vital shelter and moisture for forest ecosystems. In UK gardens, it brings an instant sense of the exotic, transforming shaded spaces into dramatic, jungle-like retreats. Its ability to thrive in temperate climates has secured its status as the most widely grown tree fern in cultivation.
Quick Care Summary
Light: Dappled or partial shade
Water: Keep crown and trunk moist at all times
Temperature: Hardy to 5C; protect crown in winter
Soil: Rich, humus-filled, moisture-retentive
Feed: High-potassium liquid fertiliser in growing season
Growth: Slow-growing; trunk adds 25 cm per year
